Cecilia Beaux Bio - American Portrait Painter

Movement, Style, School or Type of Art: Realism, specifically portraiture. The artist was frequently (and favorably) compared to John Singer Sargent, which she took as a compliment. Beaux executed some technically flawless, personally uninspiring drawings of fossils and shells for the paleontologist E. D. Cope in 1874. Though it was a paying job, she so disliked portraying anything except people (and the occasional cat), she never again ventured outside of portraiture. Her start here involved painting the faces of children on yet-to-be-fired porcelain plates -- a briefly lucrative proposition that allowed her to bank funds with which to pursue her true ambition: oil portraiture in the grand manner (i.e.: full-length poses of nicely-clothed, usually-wealthy sitters). Date and Place of Birth: May 1, 1855, Philadelphia Records indicate that Beauxs christened name was Eliza Cecilia, after her mother, Cecilia Kent Leavitt (1822-1855). She was thus connected with old Main Line Philadelphia Society, although the Leavitt family had become decidedly middle class by the time of the artists birth. Unfortunately, Beauxs mother died of puerperal fever a scant 12 days after giving birth. Her grieving father, silk merchant Jean Adolphe Beaux (1810-1884) returned to France, leaving Cecilia and her older sister, Aimà ©e Ernesta (Etta), to be raised by the Leavitts. Cecilia was known as Leilie to family, for her father could not bear to call the infant by her dead mothers name. Early Life: It may sound incongruous to say that the two little sisters, de facto orphans, were fortunate to be raised by relatives. However, their grandmother, Cecilia Leavitt, and their maiden aunts Eliza and Emily, were remarkably progressive women. Etta and Leilie were educated in a home that valued female scholastic and artistic pursuits, and saw their Aunt Eliza contribute monetarily to the household by working as a music teacher. It was evident from an early age that Leilie had a talent for drawing. The Leavitt women -- and Aunt Eliza, in particular -- encouraged and supported her efforts. The girl was given her first drawing lessons, a set of lithographs for beginning art students, and visits to see art by Eliza (who had visual art talents, as well as being a musician). When Aunt Emily married William Foster Biddle in 1860, the couple settled into the Leavitt home a few years later. Beaux would later credit Uncle Willie as the biggest influence in her life, second only to her grandmother. Kind and generous, Biddle helped raise the Beaux girls as if they were his own children. For the first time since Leilie was born, the household had a strong male role model -- and a bit more discretionary income. He, too, encouraged his neice in developing her artistic talents. Although the Leavitts had little money, they were one of Philadelphia societys oldest families. Uncle Willie paid the fees for both girls to attend the Misses Lymans School -- a must for young women in society circles. Enrolled at age 14, Leilie spent two years there as a decidely average student. She established many good connections, but was unhappy that she couldnt afford the extra fees for art instruction. When Beaux graduated the family decided that she must have proper artistic instruction, so Biddle arranged for her to study with Catharine Ann Drinker, a distant relative and accomplished female artist. Best Known For: Cecilia Beaux was the first female instructor at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. Important Works: Les Derniers jours denfance (The Last Days of Infancy), 1883-85 Date and Place of Death: September 17, 1942, Gloucester, Massachusetts. Disabled since breaking her hip in 1924, 87-year-old Beaux died at her home, Green Alley. Her grave is located at West Laurel Hill Cemetary, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania, close to Etta (1852-1939) in the Drinker family plot. How To Pronounce Cecilia Beaux: sess ·seal ·ya boh Quotes From Cecilia Beaux: Line is line, space is space--wherever found. The consideration of them is necessary to every work of art, and no such work can exist without them. --from the lecture Portriature, 1907.Never was a word more absued than Technique. To many Technique means the purely mechanical, material side of a work, something generally found to be hard, shiny, even vulgar. Just now, to be clumsy is to be admired. Indeed bungling is much in fashion now, in painting. And if one does not bungle naturally, one may easily learn how to do it from the initiated.But the true definition of Technique is very simple. A perfect technique in anything only means that there has been no break in continuity between conception, or thought, and the act of performance. --from Address to the Comtemporary Club of Philadelphia Shortly after Sargents Death, 1926In my opinion the charm and magic of color is inseperable from substance; that is, from texture. --from the lecture Color, 1928. Sources and Further Reading Cecilia Beaux Papers, 1863-1968. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. Beaux, Cecilia. Background with Figures: Autobiography of Cecilia Beaux.Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1930. Bowen, Catherine Drinker. Family Portrait.Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1970. Carter, Alice A. Cecilia Beaux: A Modern Painter in the Gilded Age.New York: Rizzoli, 2005. Drinker, Henry S. The Paintings and Drawings of Cecilia Beaux.Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1955. Tappert, Tara L. Cecilia Beaux and the Art of Portraiture.Washington, D.C.: National Portrait Gallery and the Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995.-----. Beaux, Cecilia.Grove Art Online. Oxford University Press, (27 January 2012). Read a review of Grove Art Online. Yount, Sylvia, et al. Cecilia Beaux: American Figure Painter (exh. cat.).Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007. Go to Artist Profiles: Names beginning with B or Artist Profiles: Main Index

An Internship Report On Production Of Graphite Electrodes...

AN INTERNSHIP REPORT ON PRODUCTION OF GRAPHITE ELECTRODES POWER GENERATION DURATION: 45 DAYS From May 15, 2015 to June 30, 2015 SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: MRS. P.SUMATI GAJENDRA MALVIYA HR, HEG LTD. MANDIDEEP 4th YEAR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE, UTTARAKHAND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to express gratitude to NLDC, Power System Operation Corporation Ltd (POSOCO) for providing me a magnificent opportunity in the form of this dissertation to learn. The report bears the imprints of many people. There are many kinds of helping hands, to which I owe my sense of gratitude. So, I express my appreciation to all those, whose thoughts and insights helped me in understanding and completing my training. First of all I would like to thank my training guide Mr. Pradeep Reddy, who helped me throughout my project. I express my sincere gratitude to Miss Bindiya Jain- HR for her stimulating guidance,

Han vs Mauryan free essay sample

The Chinese Han Dynasty vs. The Indian Mauryan/Gupta Empire The Han Dynasty of China and the Mauryan/Gupta Empire of India in 206 B. C. E to 550 C. E had many social and cultural differences which made them unique societies, but their political structure and form of government seemed to borrow ideas from each other. The social aspects of both empires had a lot in common because gender-roles, family and relationships were looked at in the same way. During the Mauryan/Gupta as well as the Han Dynasty, women were subservient to men and families relied on patriarchs. In both empires there were close knit villages, landowners had power and merchants took second role in the social system. However, the two had their differences. The Mauryan/Gupta Empire put emphasis on caste while the Han Dynasty was based on a social structure. The Mauryan/Gupta Empire’s caste system was an important social bond and a crucial part of the political structure. We will write a custom essay sample on Han vs Mauryan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the top of the system were the priests, then the warriors and rulers, followed by the merchants, skilled traders and minor officials, after that were the unskilled workers and finally the â€Å"untouchables†, who were outcastes and barely considered as people. The strict caste system provided a network of rules by which people could regulate their lives and activities and also promoted public order which helped politically. The caste system was so strictly enforced that no one could intermarry or be moved up a class so it determined where you would be for all your life. The caste system also played a role in religion which encouraged the use of a caste system rather than people look down upon it. On the other hand, the Han Dynasty relied on a highly structured system of classes. The most powerful was the emperor, the nobles and the military officers, who made up the first class. Next came the farmers and peasants who made up the second tier. Lastly, the third class was made up of merchants, commoners and servants. This system differed greatly from the Mauryan/Gupta Empire because it was far less definite; the assigned social class for each person dictated their social status but not their wealth or power. This Chinese structure also stressed on level of education rather than where you were socially unlike the Indian system. Even though many of their values were mostly the same, the development and transformation of social structures made them completely different. The Han Dynasty and Mauryan/Gupta Empire were developing similarly in science and technology during this time period. Advances in astronomy and medicine in both civilizations included the calculation of the motion of planets, bone setting, plastic surgery and personal hygiene. Studies in mathematics also came about in the Han and Mauryan/Gupta Empire. In spite of the fact that they were sharing technological advances, the belief systems, philosophies and religions differed greatly between the two. The Mauryan/Gupta Empire had lively art, which included many epic poems, and primary religions that suggested unpractical, otherworldly beliefs. The practice of Buddhism and Hinduism flourished during this time because the great ruler, Ashoka, spread Buddhist values and accepted and honored Hindu principles. These religions had practices that could be considered out of this world because of the belief that there are divine forces and beings. On the contrary, the Han Dynasty had restrained art, and separate, more practical belief systems. These belief systems did not have a belief in any supernatural or godly forces but served as lifestyle guides. Confucianism, a philosophical system from the teachings of Confucius, spread because it focused on righteousness and morals rather than gods. Belief systems in the Han Dynasty were formed based on the needs and views of the people. Whereas, the belief systems formed in the Mauryan/Gupta Empire were made to unite humans with the divine. The political structure and forms of government of the Han Dynasty and Mauryan/Gupta Empire shared many of the same ideas. Both had bureaucracies with groups of specialized officials and a centralized government. They were also the same because they had a form of autocratic rule so there was government by a single person that had authority over all others. The two were also the same when it came to expansion; they both expanded their borders during this period. Though there was one big difference, the Mauryan/Gupta had large, strong armies and utilized them while the Han Dynasty had a small army and didn’t feel it was necessary to even have armed forces. Although their ruling styles were very similar, the militaristic values set them apart. The Chinese Han Dynasty and Indian Mauryan/Gupta Empire borrowed government direction and approach from each other but did not influence each other socially or change their cultural identities. During the time period of 206 B. C. E to 550 C. E, the Persian Empire was also taking form. Similarly, this empire had bureaucracy, supported and formed religions and expanded territory. Today, China and India both have heavy influence on the world due to their cultural and technological exchanges connecting them to all parts of the world.

Circuit Board Case Study free essay sample

They produce circuit boards to large organizations like Apple and Hewlett-Packard. The large computer companies hire Circuit Board Fabricators, Inc. (CBF) to make to circuit boards for the large companies new prototypes. CBF implements a large automated process that follows standard codes to produce these circuit boards efficiently and with above average customer service; however, recently CBF has been experiencing losses. CBF believes that the losss the company is facing is due to the current automated system used. The CBF process engineers designed the plant has the capacity to produce 1,000 circuit boards per day; however, the plant has been producing 700. Nearly 20% of the circuit boards produced daily are defected, and CBF is not producing enough high quality boards per day to meet the consumer’s demands. The following analysis will address the process flow structure, the capacity of the process, losses of the process, short and long-term recommendations for improvement opportunities. We will write a custom essay sample on Circuit Board Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Flow Structure CBF currently uses a common manufacturing process called the batch shop flow process. This process is used when a company as a stable line products. This type of flow process is commonly used within the electronics industry as the products are similar with on a few differences in production. The fabricators insist that the plant has the capability to produce 1,000 useable circuit boards per day using this process. Through analyzing the process it is concluded that it takes forty-five minutes just in loading and unloading the circuit boards. In addition, the final inspection process consisting of 6 workers is time consuming as well. Through analyzing the amount of manual labor used during the production process, the amount if effect boards may not be able to be decreased due to human error. The capacity of the process has to be expanded in order to reach the number of boards that process engineers insist that the plant can run. Impact of Losses It is stated that nearly 15% of the circuits boards are rejected during an early process inspection and another 5% are rejected during the final testing process. CBF has created a 25% cushion to account for losses in these two inspection phases. This means that once a board is sent out to a client, they project the clients has only a 5% chance of receiving a defective board. The number of boards lost during both of the inspections process means that the company has little room for error once a board is set out since they are already producing lower boards then expected per day. Baseline Data The data in this case shows that CBF increases all orders by 25% to ensure that after the final inspection, and circuit boards are rejected an order is filled. The plant is supposed to produce 1,000 fully operating circuit broads a day; however, CBS is only producing 700 before final inspections and rejections are accounted. Typically, 15% of all boards are rejected during the first inspection while 5% are rejected at the final inspection process. CBF needs to increase the amount of boards manufactured and decrease the number of boards being rejected. Establish Performance Requirements In order for CBF to produce high quality circuit boards, the following requirements to establish performance are recommended: -Extended hours of operation -Additional Machinery -Decrease initial inspection time If the company were to extend production hours to 12 hours a day with an addition of a machine, the production and production cost would increase but so would the number of produced circuit boards. In addition, if the factory could shorten the initial inspection process time, this would allow for more boards to be produced and lessen the bottle neck affect the company currently faces. Process Improvement Opportunities After a full examination of the case study, the top three process improvement opportunities include: As examined, the top three process improvement opportunities include: 1. Increase the factory’s hours of operations to 12 hour days 2. Increase machinery to reduce human error 3. Create a new initial inspection process to decrease time Final Recommendation My current workplace is not in the manufacturing industry. The only improvement that my company does currently implements is increased hours of operation. This increases the cost of operations; however, creates potential through availability to earn capital. Our company cannot add machinery, but does use other non-human resources to aid in the decreased risk of human error through programs and software. As the consultant for CBF, my final recommendation would be to implement a new process for reviewing the products, additional machinery, and additional hours of operation. The estimate of the factory’s production was more than likely an estimate, now that the factory has been producing a consistent number of circuit boards they can review and make recommendations based on their true to form production line. Through analyzing the data, it is determined that in part human error and a lack of machinery are responsible for the missing 300 boards being produced. These changes should give CBF the increase the company needs to fulfill their consumer’s demands.